| acidosis |
condition of high acid [in the blood] |
| adenoidectomy |
surgical removal of an adenoid gland |
| adenoiditis |
inflammation of an adenoid gland |
| alkalosis |
condition of high alkali or low acid [in the blood] |
| alveolar |
pertaining to the air sacs of the lungs |
| alveolitis |
inflammation of the air sacs of the lungs |
| alveolus |
an air sac of the lungs |
| antitussive |
a drug that suppresses coughing |
| apnea |
a condition where the patient repeatedly stops breathing at night |
| apneustic |
pertaining to a part of the brain that triggers an apneustic breathing pattern |
| asthma |
autoimmune disease causing inflammation of the air passages |
| atelectasis |
alveoli fail to dilate, making breathing impossible; collapsed lung |
| auscultation |
listening to breath sounds through a stethoscope |
| bradypnea |
slow breathing |
| bronchiectasis |
dilation of the bronchi |
| bronchiogenic |
cancer that arises from the bronchi |
| bronchiole |
air passage that connects bronchi to alveoli |
| bronchiolectasis |
dilation of the bronchioles |
| bronchiolitis |
inflammation of the bronchioles |
| bronchiostenosis |
narrowing of the bronchi |
| bronchitis |
inflammation of the bronchi |
| bronchodilator |
drug that widens the bronchi |
| bronchoplasty |
surgical revision of the bronchi |
| bronchorrhea |
flow of liquid from the bronchi |
| bronchoscope |
an instrument for looking into the bronchi |
| bronchoscopy |
looking into the bronchi |
| bronchospasm |
abnormal contraction of the bronchi |
| bronchus |
one of the tubes that connect the trachea to the bronchioles |
| capnography |
a test of the carbon dioxide concentration in the breath |
| capnometer |
instrument for measuring carbon dioxide concentration |
| cardiopulmonary |
pertaining to the heart and lungs |
| carina |
the anatomical feature associated with the division of the trachea into two primary bronchi (literally, "a boat keel") |
| caseous |
cheese-like |
| chylothorax |
accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space |
| conchae |
the interior walls of the nasal sinuses that resemble the chambers of a conch shell |
| costophrenic |
pertaining to the ribs and diaphragm |
| cystic fibrosis |
a genetic condition that results from a mutation in a chloride channel protein; affects the lungs and digestive system with thick, sticky mucus |
| diaphragmatocele |
herniation of the diaphragm |
| dysphonia |
abnormal speech |
| dyspnea |
abnormal breathing |
| empyema |
pus in the pleural space |
| endoscope |
an instrument for looking inside [the respiratory passages] |
| endotracheal |
tube inserted into the trachea |
| epistaxis |
nosebleed |
| eupnea |
normal breathing |
| expectorant |
drug which aids in thinning mucus secretions |
| expectoration |
the process of spitting |
| expiration |
breathing out |
| glottis |
the vocal cords and the opening between them |
| hemoptysis |
coughing blood |
| hemothorax |
blood in the pleural space |
| hilum |
the inner curve of a bean-shaped organ such as the lungs |
| hypercapnia |
too much carbon dioxide in the blood |
| hypercarbia |
too much carbon dioxide in the blood |
| hyperpnea |
abnormally rapid breathing |
| hyperventilate |
to breathe too rapidly |
| hyperventilation |
the result of breathing too rapidly |
| hypocapnia |
too little carbon dioxide in the blood |
| hypocarbia |
too little carbon dioxide in the blood |
| hypopnea |
abnormally slow breathing |
| hypoventilate |
to breathe too slowly |
| hypoventilation |
the result of breathing too slowly |
| hypoxemia |
low oxygen levels in the blood |
| hypoxia |
low oxygen levels |
| innervation |
the connection of nerves to an organ |
| inspiration |
breathing in |
| intercostal |
between the ribs |
| intubate |
insert an endotracheal tube |
| kinetic |
pertaining to movement |
| laryngectomy |
surgical removal of the larynx |
| laryngitis |
inflammation of the larynx |
| laryngopharynx |
the portion of the pharynx that surrounds the larynx |
| laryngoplasty |
surgical revision of the larynx |
| laryngospasm |
abnormal contraction of the larynx |
| laryngotracheobronchitis |
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi |
| larynx |
the organ of speech; voice-box |
| lobe |
one of the major divisions of the lung (two on the left, three on the right) |
| lobectomy |
surgical removal of a lung lobe |
| lobotomy |
cutting into a lung lobe |
| lung |
the organ of respiration |
| mesothelioma |
cancer of the pleural lining that usually results from asbestos exposure |
| mucolytic |
drug that breaks apart mucus (i.e. thins the mucus) |
| nares |
nostrils |
| nasoendoscope |
an instrument for looking inside the nose and nasal sinuses |
| nasogastric |
a tube that enters the nose and nasopharynx and is inserted into the stomach |
| nasopharyngoscope |
an instrument for looking inside the nose and nasopharynx |
| nasopharynx |
the portion of the pharynx that is within the nasal sinuses |
| nebulizer |
device for breaking liquid into microscopic droplets (1/1000 to 5/1000 of a millimeter in diameter) |
| obstructive |
characterized by blockage of air flow |
| oropharynx |
the portion of the pharynx that is within the oral cavity |
| orthopnea |
shortness of breath when lying down |
| oximetry |
measurement of oxygen |
| palatoplasty |
surgical revision of the palate |
| pansinusitis |
inflammation of all nasal sinuses |
| pectoriloquy |
abnormal resonance of the voice through lung structures, heard through a stethoscope (literally, "chest talking") |
| pectus carinatum |
deformity of the chest with the sternum and ribs pushed outward, like a boat keel |
| pectus excavatum |
deformity of the chest with the sternum and ribs pushed inward |
| percussion |
tapping the chest |
| perfusion |
passing liquid (such as blood) through an organ |
| pharyngitis |
inflammation of the pharynx |
| pharyngostenosis |
narrowing of the pharynx |
| pharynx |
formed from the joining of the nasal and oral cavities; divides into the esophagus and trachea inferiorly |
| phonation |
the act of making vocal sounds |
| phrenic |
pertaining to the diaphragm |
| phrenoplegia |
paralysis of the diaphragm |
| phrenoptosis |
drooping of the diaphragm |
| phrenospasm |
abnormal contraction of the diaphragm |
| pleura |
the membrane lining the space between the lungs and chest wall |
| pleural |
the space between the lungs and chest wall |
| pleuralgia |
pain in the pleural membrane |
| pleurectomy |
surgical removal of the pleura |
| pleurisy |
inflammation of the pleura |
| pleuritis |
inflammation of the pleura |
| pleurodynia |
pain in the pleural membrane |
| pleuropexy |
surgical fixation of the pleura |
| pneumatocele |
herniation of the lungs |
| pneumoconiosis |
condition of dust in the lungs |
| pneumohemothorax |
air and blood in the pleural space |
| pneumomelanosis |
black spots in the lungs due to the accumulation of coal dust or carbon particles |
| pneumonectomy |
surgical removal of the lung |
| pneumonia |
inflammation of the lungs (usually infectious) |
| pneumonitis |
inflammation of the lungs (usually non-infectious) |
| pneumotaxic |
pertaining to movement of the lungs |
| pneumothorax |
air in the pleural space (leads to a collapsed lung, or atelectasia) |
| polysomnography |
test which uses several modalities (EEG, pulse ox, pulse rate, respiratory rate) during sleep |
| pulmonary |
pertaining to the lungs |
| pulmonologist |
a person who studies the lungs |
| pyothorax |
pus in the pleural space |
| respiration |
the process of exchanging gases (between room air and the blood in the lungs; between blood and the extracellular fluid in the tissues) |
| respiratory |
pertaining to the process of exchanging gases |
| retraction |
the process of pulling back |
| rhinitis |
inflammation of the nasal passages |
| rhinoplasty |
surgical revision of the nose ("a nose job") |
| rhinorrhagia |
a profuse nosebleed |
| rhinorrhea |
flow of liquid from the nose ("a runny nose") |
| rhythmicity |
the quality of being rhythmic; having a regular beat |
| septectomy |
surgical removal of the wall between the nasal sinuses |
| sinoatrial node |
primary pacemaker, whose electrical activity sets a pace for the heartbeat |
| sinus |
a large cavity within a bone or other tissue |
| sinusitis |
inflammation of the nasal sinuses |
| sinusotomy |
cutting into the nasal sinuses |
| spirogram |
a record of breathing |
| spirometry |
the process of measuring the volume and rate of the breath |
| sputum |
thick fluid expelled from the lungs |
| sternocostal |
pertaining to the sternum and ribs |
| syncope |
fainting; loss of consciousness |
| tachypnea |
fast breathing |
| thoracalgia |
pain in the thorax |
| thoracentesis |
puncture of the thorax with removal of fluid |
| thoracic |
pertaining to the thorax |
| thoracocentesis |
puncture of the thorax with removal of fluid |
| thoracoplasty |
surgical revision of the thorax |
| thoracostomy |
creating an opening in the thorax |
| thoracotomy |
cutting into the thorax |
| thoracoscopy |
looking inside the thorax |
| trachea |
tube connecting the laryngopharynx to the bronchi; windpipe |
| tracheitis |
inflammation of the trachea |
| tracheomalacia |
abnormal softening of the trachea |
| tracheostenosis |
narrowing of the trachea |
| tracheostomy |
creating an opening in the trachea (e.g. to restore breathing in a choking person) |
| tracheotomy |
cutting into the trachea |
| tubercle |
lesion characteristic of tuberculosis |
| tuberculosis |
lung disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| turbinate |
shaped like a turbine (round wheel with vanes) |
| ventilation |
the process of moving air in and out of the body |
