acidemia |
condition of acid in the blood |
acromegaly |
disease involving abnormally high levels of human growth hormone after puberty |
adenectomy |
surgical removal of a gland |
adenitis |
inflammation of a gland |
adenocarcinoma |
cancerous tumor of a gland |
adenohypophysis |
anterior pituitary gland |
adenoma |
tumor of a gland |
adenomegaly |
abnormal enlargement of a gland |
adenopathy |
disease of a gland |
adenosis |
abnormal change in a gland |
adrenalectomy |
surgical removal of the adrenal gland |
adrenalgia |
pain in the adrenal gland |
adrenaline |
chemical released from the adrenal gland (same as epinephrine) |
adrenalitis |
inflammation of the adrenal gland |
adrenarche |
the onset of adrenal function |
adrenocortical |
pertaining to the adrenal cortex |
adrenocorticohyperplasia |
abnormal growth of the adrenal cortex |
adrenocorticotropic |
acting on the adrenal cortex |
adrenomegaly |
enlargement of the adrenal gland |
aldosterone |
steroid hormone released from the adrenal gland that affects sodium (salt) balance |
alkalemia |
condition of alkali in the blood |
autoreceptor |
a protein on the surface of cells that responds to chemicals released by that cell |
calcemia |
condition of calcium in the blood |
calciuria |
condition of calcium in the urine |
catecholamine |
category of chemicals that include dopamine, adrenaline/epinephrine, and noradrenaline/norepinephrine |
chloremia |
condition of chlorine in the blood |
cholangiopancreatography |
imaging the gallbladder, pancreas, and associated vessels |
congenital |
condition occurring at birth |
corticotropic |
acting on the adrenal cortex |
corticotropin |
chemical acting on the adrenal cortex |
diabetic |
Greek "the funnel", pertaining to a condition where patients drink too much and urinate too much |
dysmetabolic |
abnormal function of the metabolism |
endocrine |
relating to the release of hormones |
endocrinologist |
physician who studies the release of hormones |
endoscopic |
pertaining to an instrument that visualizes the digestive tract |
epinephrine |
chemical released from the adrenal gland (same as adrenaline) |
euglycemia |
ideal level of sugar in the blood |
euthyroid |
ideal level of thyroid hormones |
exocrine |
relating to the release of substances from the body |
exophthalmos |
protrusion of the eyes |
galactorrhea |
abnormal flow of milk from the nipple |
glucagon |
hormone that regulates blood sugar levels |
glucocorticoid |
steroid hormone released from the adrenal gland that affects sugar levels |
gluconeogenesis |
the creation of new sugar from other dietary compounds |
glucosuria |
abnormal condition of sugar in the urine |
glycemia |
level of sugar in the blood |
glycemic |
pertaining to the level of sugar in the blood |
glycogenolysis |
the breakdown of glycogen (a storage form of glucose, consisting of multiple connected glucose molecules) |
glycolysis |
the breakdown of sugar by cells |
glycopenia |
low levels of glucose |
goiter |
enlargement of the thyroid gland |
gonadocorticoid |
steroid hormone released from the adrenal cortex that affects the reproductive organs |
gonadogenesis |
the creation of reproductive glands |
gonadopathy |
disease of the reproductive glands |
gonadotropin |
a chemical acting on the reproductive glands |
gynecomastia |
enlargement of the male breasts due to hormone imbalance or hormone therapy |
hirsutism |
condition of increased hair |
hormonopoiesis |
the beginning of hormone secretion |
hypercalcemia |
increased level of calcium in the blood |
hypercholesterolemia |
increased level of cholesterol in the blood |
hyperglycemia |
increased level of sugar in the blood |
hypergonadism |
condition of overactive reproductive organs |
hyperkalemia |
increased level of potassium in the blood |
hyperlipidemia |
increased level of fats (lipids) in the blood |
hypernatremia |
increased level of sodium in the blood |
hyperparathyroidism |
condition of enlarged or overactive parathyroid glands |
hyperphosphatemia |
increased level of phosphate in the blood |
hyperpituitarism |
condition of enlarged or overactive pituitary glands |
hyperthyroidism |
condition of enlarged or overactive thyroid glands |
hypocalcemia |
decreased level of calcium in the blood |
hypoglycemia |
decreased level of sugar in the blood |
hypoglycemic |
condition of decreased sugar levels |
hypogonadism |
condition of decreased function of the reproductive organs |
hypokalemia |
decreased level of potassium in the blood |
hyponatremia |
decreased level of sodium in the blood |
hypophosphatemia |
decreased level of phosphate in the blood |
hypophysectomy |
surgical removal of the pituitary (hypophysis) |
hypophysitis |
inflammation of the pituitary (hypophysis) |
hypopituitarism |
condition of low pituitary function |
hypothyroidism |
condition of low thyroid function |
infarction |
interruption of blood supply, for example due to a clot |
infundibulum |
the stalk that connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus |
infusion |
method for putting fluids (such as drugs or antibiotics) into the bloodstream through an IV |
insufficiency |
condition of not enough of a hormone or organ secretion |
insulin |
hormone that regulates blood sugar levels |
insulinoma |
tumor which releases insulin |
ketoacidosis |
condition of ketones (organic compounds) and acid in the blood |
ketogenesis |
the process of making ketones |
ketogenic |
giving rise to ketones |
ketonuria |
ketones in the urine |
ketosis |
condition of ketones (organic compounds) in the blood |
laparoscopic |
surgical approach that uses a small tube to introduce surgical instruments |
lipolysis |
breakdown of fats (lipids) |
menarche |
the onset of menstruation |
metabolism |
the breakdown of food compounds, and the building up of body components from food |
mineralocorticoid |
steroid hormone, released from the adrenal cortex, which affects salt (sodium, potassium, magnesium, or calcium) levels |
neurohypophysis |
posterior pituitary |
pancreatalgia |
pain in the pancreas |
pancreatectomy |
surgical removal of the pancreas |
pancreatic |
pertaining to the pancreas |
pancreatitis |
inflammation of the pancreas |
pancreatolith |
stone in the pancreas |
pancreatolithectomy |
surgical removal of a pancreatic stone |
pancreatolithiasis |
condition of stones in the pancreas |
panhypopituitarism |
a low level of all hormones secreted from the pituitary gland |
parathyroid |
a gland next to (behind) the thyroid gland |
parathyroidectomy |
surgical removal of the parathyroid gland |
parathyroidoma |
tumor of the parathyroid gland |
permissive |
allowing something to happen |
polyadenopathy |
a disease affecting several glands |
polydipsia |
increased fluid intake |
polyphagia |
increased food intake |
polyuria |
increased urine production |
prolactin |
hormone that promotes the development of milk glands in the breast |
pseudocyst |
a fluid-filled cavity that resembles a cyst but lacks a wall or lining |
retrograde |
operating or moving in reverse |
somatostatin |
hormone that stops the secretion of growth hormone |
somatotroph |
cell in the pituitary that makes growth hormone |
syndrome |
signs and symptoms that occur together without an obvious relationship |
thelarche |
the onset of breast development |
thymectomy |
surgical removal of the thymus |
thymoma |
tumor of the thymus |
thyrocele |
fluid-filled space in the thyroid gland |
thyroidectomy |
surgical removal of the thyroid gland |
thyroiditis |
inflammation of the thyroid gland |
thyroidotomy |
incision into the thyroid gland |
thyroidotoxin |
a substance which damages the thyroid gland |
thyromegaly |
enlargment of the thyroid gland |
thyroparathyroidectomy |
surgical removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands |
thyroptosis |
downward displacement of an enlarged thyroid |
thyrotoxicosis |
dangerous condition of increased thyroid hormone levels |
thyrotropin |
a hormone acting on the thyroid gland |
thyroxine |
thyroid hormone (specifically, tetraiodothyronine or T4) |
uremia |
increased levels of nitrogen wastes (including urea) in the blood |
virilism |
a condition involving the development of male characteristics |