| acidemia |
condition of acid in the blood |
| acromegaly |
disease involving abnormally high levels of human growth hormone after puberty |
| adenectomy |
surgical removal of a gland |
| adenitis |
inflammation of a gland |
| adenocarcinoma |
cancerous tumor of a gland |
| adenohypophysis |
anterior pituitary gland |
| adenoma |
tumor of a gland |
| adenomegaly |
abnormal enlargement of a gland |
| adenopathy |
disease of a gland |
| adenosis |
abnormal change in a gland |
| adrenalectomy |
surgical removal of the adrenal gland |
| adrenalgia |
pain in the adrenal gland |
| adrenaline |
chemical released from the adrenal gland (same as epinephrine) |
| adrenalitis |
inflammation of the adrenal gland |
| adrenarche |
the onset of adrenal function |
| adrenocortical |
pertaining to the adrenal cortex |
| adrenocorticohyperplasia |
abnormal growth of the adrenal cortex |
| adrenocorticotropic |
acting on the adrenal cortex |
| adrenomegaly |
enlargement of the adrenal gland |
| aldosterone |
steroid hormone released from the adrenal gland that affects sodium (salt) balance |
| alkalemia |
condition of alkali in the blood |
| autoreceptor |
a protein on the surface of cells that responds to chemicals released by that cell |
| calcemia |
condition of calcium in the blood |
| calciuria |
condition of calcium in the urine |
| catecholamine |
category of chemicals that include dopamine, adrenaline/epinephrine, and noradrenaline/norepinephrine |
| chloremia |
condition of chlorine in the blood |
| cholangiopancreatography |
imaging the gallbladder, pancreas, and associated vessels |
| congenital |
condition occurring at birth |
| corticotropic |
acting on the adrenal cortex |
| corticotropin |
chemical acting on the adrenal cortex |
| diabetic |
Greek "the funnel", pertaining to a condition where patients drink too much and urinate too much |
| dysmetabolic |
abnormal function of the metabolism |
| endocrine |
relating to the release of hormones |
| endocrinologist |
physician who studies the release of hormones |
| endoscopic |
pertaining to an instrument that visualizes the digestive tract |
| epinephrine |
chemical released from the adrenal gland (same as adrenaline) |
| euglycemia |
ideal level of sugar in the blood |
| euthyroid |
ideal level of thyroid hormones |
| exocrine |
relating to the release of substances from the body |
| exophthalmos |
protrusion of the eyes |
| galactorrhea |
abnormal flow of milk from the nipple |
| glucagon |
hormone that regulates blood sugar levels |
| glucocorticoid |
steroid hormone released from the adrenal gland that affects sugar levels |
| gluconeogenesis |
the creation of new sugar from other dietary compounds |
| glucosuria |
abnormal condition of sugar in the urine |
| glycemia |
level of sugar in the blood |
| glycemic |
pertaining to the level of sugar in the blood |
| glycogenolysis |
the breakdown of glycogen (a storage form of glucose, consisting of multiple connected glucose molecules) |
| glycolysis |
the breakdown of sugar by cells |
| glycopenia |
low levels of glucose |
| goiter |
enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| gonadocorticoid |
steroid hormone released from the adrenal cortex that affects the reproductive organs |
| gonadogenesis |
the creation of reproductive organs |
| gonadopathy |
disease of the reproductive organss |
| gonadotropic |
pertaining to a hormone acting on the gonads (directly or indirectly) |
| gonadotropin |
a chemical acting on the reproductive organs |
| gynecomastia |
enlargement of the male breasts due to hormone imbalance or hormone therapy |
| hirsutism |
condition of increased hair |
| hormonopoiesis |
the beginning of hormone secretion |
| hypercalcemia |
increased level of calcium in the blood |
| hypercholesterolemia |
increased level of cholesterol in the blood |
| hyperglycemia |
increased level of sugar in the blood |
| hypergonadism |
condition of overactive reproductive organs |
| hyperkalemia |
increased level of potassium in the blood |
| hyperlipidemia |
increased level of fats (lipids) in the blood |
| hypernatremia |
increased level of sodium in the blood |
| hyperparathyroidism |
condition of enlarged or overactive parathyroid glands |
| hyperphosphatemia |
increased level of phosphate in the blood |
| hyperpituitarism |
condition of enlarged or overactive pituitary glands |
| hyperprolactinemia |
increased level of prolactin in the blood |
| hyperthyroidism |
condition of enlarged or overactive thyroid glands |
| hypocalcemia |
decreased level of calcium in the blood |
| hypoglycemia |
decreased level of sugar in the blood |
| hypoglycemic |
condition of decreased sugar levels |
| hypogonadism |
condition of decreased function of the reproductive organs |
| hypogonadotropic |
pertaining to a condition of decreased hormone acting on the reproductive organs |
| hypokalemia |
decreased level of potassium in the blood |
| hyponatremia |
decreased level of sodium in the blood |
| hypophosphatemia |
decreased level of phosphate in the blood |
| hypophysectomy |
surgical removal of the pituitary (hypophysis) |
| hypophysitis |
inflammation of the pituitary (hypophysis) |
| hypopituitarism |
condition of low pituitary function |
| hypothyroidism |
condition of low thyroid function |
| infarction |
interruption of blood supply, for example due to a clot |
| infundibulum |
the stalk that connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus |
| infusion |
method for putting fluids (such as drugs or antibiotics) into the bloodstream through an IV |
| insufficiency |
condition of not enough of a hormone or organ secretion |
| insulin |
hormone that regulates blood sugar levels |
| insulinoma |
tumor which releases insulin |
| ketoacidosis |
condition of ketones (organic compounds) and acid in the blood |
| ketogenesis |
the process of making ketones |
| ketogenic |
giving rise to ketones |
| ketonuria |
ketones in the urine |
| ketosis |
condition of ketones (organic compounds) in the blood |
| laparoscopic |
surgical approach that uses a small tube to introduce surgical instruments |
| lipolysis |
breakdown of fats (lipids) |
| menarche |
the onset of menstruation |
| metabolism |
the breakdown of food compounds, and the building up of body components from food |
| mineralocorticoid |
steroid hormone, released from the adrenal cortex, which affects salt (sodium, potassium, magnesium, or calcium) levels |
| neurohypophysis |
posterior pituitary |
| pancreatalgia |
pain in the pancreas |
| pancreatectomy |
surgical removal of the pancreas |
| pancreatic |
pertaining to the pancreas |
| pancreatitis |
inflammation of the pancreas |
| pancreatolith |
stone in the pancreas |
| pancreatolithectomy |
surgical removal of a pancreatic stone |
| pancreatolithiasis |
condition of stones in the pancreas |
| panhypopituitarism |
a low level of all hormones secreted from the pituitary gland |
| parathyroid |
a gland next to (behind) the thyroid gland |
| parathyroidectomy |
surgical removal of the parathyroid gland |
| parathyroidoma |
tumor of the parathyroid gland |
| permissive |
allowing something to happen |
| polyadenopathy |
a disease affecting several glands |
| polydipsia |
increased fluid intake |
| polyphagia |
increased food intake |
| polyuria |
increased urine production |
| prolactin |
hormone that promotes the development of milk glands in the breast |
| pseudocyst |
a fluid-filled cavity that resembles a cyst but lacks a wall or lining |
| retrograde |
operating or moving in reverse |
| somatostatin |
hormone that stops the secretion of growth hormone |
| somatotroph |
cell in the pituitary that makes growth hormone |
| syndrome |
signs and symptoms that occur together without an obvious relationship |
| thelarche |
the onset of breast development |
| thymectomy |
surgical removal of the thymus |
| thymoma |
tumor of the thymus |
| thyrocele |
fluid-filled space in the thyroid gland |
| thyroidectomy |
surgical removal of the thyroid gland |
| thyroiditis |
inflammation of the thyroid gland |
| thyroidotomy |
incision into the thyroid gland |
| thyroidotoxin |
a substance which damages the thyroid gland |
| thyromegaly |
enlargment of the thyroid gland |
| thyroparathyroidectomy |
surgical removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands |
| thyroptosis |
downward displacement of an enlarged thyroid |
| thyrotoxicosis |
dangerous condition of increased thyroid hormone levels |
| thyrotropin |
a hormone acting on the thyroid gland |
| thyroxine |
thyroid hormone (specifically, tetraiodothyronine or T4) |
| uremia |
increased levels of nitrogen wastes (including urea) in the blood |
| virilism |
a condition involving the development of male characteristics |
