Unit 3 Roots

Root words introduced in previous units are colored gray.

Root Word Definition
acetyl the name of a chemical group
acid a property of some chemicals
aden gland
adip/o fat
aero air
alcoh[ol] the name of a chemical group; alcohols end in the suffix "–ol"
alkali a property of some chemicals
allele one form of a gene (unit of inheritance)
apex tip; the highest point
astro star
bios life
base bottom; the lowest point
blast/o a rapidly dividing cell
body large molecule
bol throw (forward movement)
carbo carbon, an element found in all living things
cell the unit of life; a mixture of chemicals and organelles bounded by a membrane
centri
centro
center
chol/e bile
chondr/o cartilage
chondrion grain
chrom/at/o color
cilia eyelash
code letters that contain a (sometimes hidden) meaning
coll glue
column a shape higher than it is wide
crine secretion; release from cells or from the body
cub[e] a shape of equal height and width
cyst fluid-filled space
cyt
cyte
cyto
cell
dendr/o tree
diffus pouring out
dominant showing a quality if there is only one copy (of a gene)
dynam power, energy
elast[ic] capable of being stretched and snaps back into place when released
electr/o related to electricity
ergon energy
erythr/o the color red
ester the name of a chemical group
estrus reproductive cycle in female non-human mammals
ethane the name of a chemical group
expressed being shown
fibro fiber
filament a thread
fruct fruit
gamete a cell needed for reproduction
gastr stomach
gen
geno
genet
birth (dealing with inheritance)
gland gland
glia glue
glob glob, wad (pertaining to the shape of a protein)
gluco
glyco
sweet, sugar; the name of a chemical group that makes a chemical sweet
glycerine a sweet, sticky chemical (glycer– + –ine)
goblet goblet, chalice; a drinking vessel which holds a large amount of liquid
guano bat poop
hem/o blood
hist/o tissue
hydra
hydro
water
immuno body defenses against micro-organisms and other invaders
insula island
ion particle which carries an electrical charge
kalium Latin name for the element potassium (found in the vegetable kale)
kary/o the cell nucleus (from the Greek for nut)
keto the name of a chemical group
kin/e movement; also used to describe the addition of a phosphate chemical group
lact milk
lamina thin plate, sheet, layer
lariat a loop
layer layer
leuk/o the color white
ligand a molecule that attaches to a receptor
lip/o fat
lymph/o vessels that drain fluid from around the cells
lyse
lyso
breakdown
lyte product of a breakdown
lyze process of breaking down
magnet substance which attracts other magnetic substances
malt grain that has been steeped, germinated, and dried
mei less
mer
mere
a part
methyl the name of a chemical group
mito thread
mole word describing a unit in chemistry
natr[ium] Latin word for the element sodium
natur/e the state something was born in
neo new
nephr kidney
neutral having no electrical charge
nucleus
nucle
nucleo
nucleot
the center of an atom or the center of a cell
organ instrument
osmos pushing, thrusting
osteo bone
oxi
oxy
shortened form of the element oxygen
parallel side-by-side
path feeling, suffering (used to describe molecules)
path/o disease (used to describe a medical condition, in the sense of "suffering")
pen[dere] hang
pept
peptido
protein
per large amount of
phage
phago
eat
phase stage; appearance
pheno shine; appearance
phil love
phob fear
phospho/r the element phosphorus and related chemical groupings
phot light
pino drink
plasm something molded; plastic or dough
ploid fold; numbered
pol[e] one end of a round object, as in North Pole & South Pole
port to carry; a door
prim first
prosta[te] gland in male that surrounds the urethra
prot
prote
proteo
first, original; class of molecules that are essential for life
ptosis drooping
receptor a protein on the surface of a cell that turns a chemical on the outside to a signal on the inside of the cell
recess showing a quality if there are two copies (of a gene)
ret[e] net, network
ribose the name of a chemical group found in cells
script writing
secre set apart; release
skelet bones
sol
solut
dissolve
soma
somat
somato
some
body
son sound
squam a shape wider than it is high (literally, "fish-scale")
ster solid; a chemical that is solid at room temperature
stratum layer
sucr sugar
surf[ace] outside part
test[is] male testicle
thel[e] nipple
therm/o temperature
thromb/o clot
thym[us] an organ of the upper chest
tom cutting
ton firmness (for example, of tissues or muscle)
top[os] place
translation carry across
trop turning towards
tub[e] pipe
type kind
ur urine
valence strength
vascul little vessel
vesic bladder
villus hair
zyme yeast; ferment

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