Unit 3 Roots
Root words introduced in previous units are colored gray.
Root Word | Definition |
---|---|
acetyl | the name of a chemical group |
acid | a property of some chemicals |
aden | gland |
adip/o | fat |
aero | air |
alcoh[ol] | the name of a chemical group; alcohols end in the suffix "–ol" |
alkali | a property of some chemicals |
allele | one form of a gene (unit of inheritance) |
apex | tip; the highest point |
astro | star |
bios | life |
base | bottom; the lowest point |
blast/o | a rapidly dividing cell |
body | large molecule |
bol | throw (forward movement) |
carbo | carbon, an element found in all living things |
cell | the unit of life; a mixture of chemicals and organelles bounded by a membrane |
centri centro |
center |
chol/e | bile |
chondr/o | cartilage |
chondrion | grain |
chrom/at/o | color |
cilia | eyelash |
code | letters that contain a (sometimes hidden) meaning |
coll | glue |
column | a shape higher than it is wide |
crine | secretion; release from cells or from the body |
cub[e] | a shape of equal height and width |
cyst | fluid-filled space |
cyt cyte cyto |
cell |
dendr/o | tree |
diffus | pouring out |
dominant | showing a quality if there is only one copy (of a gene) |
dynam | power, energy |
elast[ic] | capable of being stretched and snaps back into place when released |
electr/o | related to electricity |
ergon | energy |
erythr/o | the color red |
ester | the name of a chemical group |
estrus | reproductive cycle in female non-human mammals |
ethane | the name of a chemical group |
expressed | being shown |
fibro | fiber |
filament | a thread |
fruct | fruit |
gamete | a cell needed for reproduction |
gastr | stomach |
gen geno genet |
birth (dealing with inheritance) |
gland | gland |
glia | glue |
glob | glob, wad (pertaining to the shape of a protein) |
gluco glyco |
sweet, sugar; the name of a chemical group that makes a chemical sweet |
glycerine | a sweet, sticky chemical (glycer– + –ine) |
goblet | goblet, chalice; a drinking vessel which holds a large amount of liquid |
guano | bat poop |
hem/o | blood |
hist/o | tissue |
hydra hydro |
water |
immuno | body defenses against micro-organisms and other invaders |
insula | island |
ion | particle which carries an electrical charge |
kalium | Latin name for the element potassium (found in the vegetable kale) |
kary/o | the cell nucleus (from the Greek for nut) |
keto | the name of a chemical group |
kin/e | movement; also used to describe the addition of a phosphate chemical group |
lact | milk |
lamina | thin plate, sheet, layer |
lariat | a loop |
layer | layer |
leuk/o | the color white |
ligand | a molecule that attaches to a receptor |
lip/o | fat |
lymph/o | vessels that drain fluid from around the cells |
lyse lyso |
breakdown |
lyte | product of a breakdown |
lyze | process of breaking down |
magnet | substance which attracts other magnetic substances |
malt | grain that has been steeped, germinated, and dried |
mei | less |
mer mere |
a part |
methyl | the name of a chemical group |
mito | thread |
mole | word describing a unit in chemistry |
natr[ium] | Latin word for the element sodium |
natur/e | the state something was born in |
neo | new |
nephr | kidney |
neutral | having no electrical charge |
nucleus nucle nucleo nucleot |
the center of an atom or the center of a cell |
organ | instrument |
osmos | pushing, thrusting |
osteo | bone |
oxi oxy |
shortened form of the element oxygen |
parallel | side-by-side |
path | feeling, suffering (used to describe molecules) |
path/o | disease (used to describe a medical condition, in the sense of "suffering") |
pen[dere] | hang |
pept peptido |
protein |
per | large amount of |
phage phago |
eat |
phase | stage; appearance |
pheno | shine; appearance |
phil | love |
phob | fear |
phospho/r | the element phosphorus and related chemical groupings |
phot | light |
pino | drink |
plasm | something molded; plastic or dough |
ploid | fold; numbered |
pol[e] | one end of a round object, as in North Pole & South Pole |
port | to carry; a door |
prim | first |
prosta[te] | gland in male that surrounds the urethra |
prot prote proteo |
first, original; class of molecules that are essential for life |
ptosis | drooping |
receptor | a protein on the surface of a cell that turns a chemical on the outside to a signal on the inside of the cell |
recess | showing a quality if there are two copies (of a gene) |
ret[e] | net, network |
ribose | the name of a chemical group found in cells |
script | writing |
secre | set apart; release |
skelet | bones |
sol solut |
dissolve |
soma somat somato some |
body |
son | sound |
squam | a shape wider than it is high (literally, "fish-scale") |
ster | solid; a chemical that is solid at room temperature |
stratum | layer |
sucr | sugar |
surf[ace] | outside part |
test[is] | male testicle |
thel[e] | nipple |
therm/o | temperature |
thromb/o | clot |
thym[us] | an organ of the upper chest |
tom | cutting |
ton | firmness (for example, of tissues or muscle) |
top[os] | place |
translation | carry across |
trop | turning towards |
tub[e] | pipe |
type | kind |
ur | urine |
valence | strength |
vascul | little vessel |
vesic | bladder |
villus | hair |
zyme | yeast; ferment |