Unit 10 Roots
| Root Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| abdomin/o | abdomen |
| absorption | taking up nutrients |
| acid | a chemical that gives off hydrogen ions |
| aden aden/o |
gland |
| aero | air |
| agog | causing secretion |
| agon | main actor; driver |
| aliment | food |
| amel | covering |
| amyl | chemical name for starch |
| ang ang/i ang/i/o |
vessel |
| an/o anus |
anus |
| ascites | abdominal swelling |
| bar | weight, pressure |
| bile bil bil/i |
bile |
| bladder | bladder |
| bucca | cheek |
| canal | canal |
| carboxy[l] | chemical group name |
| carcin | cancer |
| cardia | heart |
| cathar/t | purge |
| cauda | tail |
| cec[um] | dead-end pouch between ileocecal valve and appendix |
| celi celi/o |
bowels |
| cement | cement |
| chol chol/e |
bile |
| chondr | cartilage |
| chyme chym/o |
liquid formed in the intestine from partially digested food |
| cirrh | inflammation of connective tissue |
| clast | breakdown |
| col col/o colon colon/o |
colon |
| constipa | crowded together, as feces in the intestines |
| cyst cyst/o |
bladder; fluid-filled space |
| cyte | cell |
| decidu | destined to fall |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| dent dent/i |
tooth |
| digest | digest |
| diverticul | |
| doch/o | common bile duct |
| dont | tooth |
| duoden duoden/o |
the first segment (of three) in the small intestines |
| elast | elastic |
| emesis | vomiting |
| endo | inside |
| enter enter/o |
intestine |
| esophag esophag/o |
tube between the mouth and stomach |
| falc | sickle (shape) |
| feces | feces |
| filum | thread |
| fist | abnormal opening between two spaces |
| flatus | fart |
| flux | flow |
| folium | leaf |
| frice | substance used for scrubbing |
| fundus | the bottom of a bottle-shaped object |
| fungi | fungi |
| gall | bile |
| gastr gastr/o |
stomach |
| ghrel | acronym for "growth hormone releasing" |
| gingiv gingiv/o |
gums |
| gloss gloss/o |
tongue |
| gluc glyc |
sugar |
| haustrum | small pouch (pl. haustra) which make the large intestine look segmented |
| hem/o | blood |
| hepat hepat/o |
liver |
| hepatic/o | hepatic duct |
| hernia herni/o |
abnormal outpocketing of an organ |
| hydr | water |
| icterus | jaundice |
| il il/e/o il/i |
the third and last segment in the small intestines |
| inguin | groin |
| insula | island; the hormone insulin, which is made in the pancreatic islets |
| intestin | intestine |
| islet | small island of tissue in the pancreas |
| jaundice | yellow color of skin |
| jejun jejun/o |
the second segment (of three) in the small intestines |
| jug[are] | join |
| kin | move |
| labi[a] | lips |
| lact | milk |
| lamina propria | "one's own layer", one of the histological layers of the digestive tract |
| lapar/o | flank, loin |
| ling/u | tongue |
| lip | fat |
| lith lith/o |
stone |
| liver | liver |
| lob[e] | lobe |
| lumb | lower back |
| lyso | breakdown |
| macro | large |
| mes[os] | in the middle |
| mucosa | layer of tissue with mucus-secreting cells |
| muscular | muscular |
| my my/o my/o/s |
muscle |
| myc | fungus |
| nas/o | nose |
| occlus[us] | position of teeth with mouth closed |
| odont odont/o |
tooth |
| or | mouth |
| oti[s] | ear |
| oxy | oxygen |
| pancr pancr/e pancr/e/at pancr/e/at/o |
pancreas |
| pariet | the outer wall of the two-walled membranes around body organs |
| peps peps/in peps/in/o |
digestion |
| peptid | digestion |
| periton periton/eo |
membrane lining the abdominal cavity |
| pernici[es] | gradual harm |
| phag | eat |
| plicae circulares | literally "circular pleats", folds in the intestinal membrane (sing. plica circularis) |
| proct proct/o |
anus |
| propuls | movement driven by muscular action |
| pylor pylorus |
region of stomach where it meets the duodenum |
| quadrate | four-sided |
| rect rect/o |
final segment of large intestine |
| rub[er] | red |
| saliva | saliva |
| scend | climb (up or down) |
| scleros | hard |
| secret[ion] | release from a cell or the body |
| segment | segment |
| serosa | membrane lining the contents of the abdominal cavity |
| sial sial/o |
saliva |
| sigm[a] | Greek letter which resembles English "s" |
| sigmoid/o | shaped like the letter s |
| splen splen/o |
spleen |
| stalsis | contraction |
| steato | fatty matter |
| sten | blockage |
| sterco | feces |
| stomat stomat/o |
mouth |
| sucr[e] | sugar |
| Taenia | genus of tapeworms |
| tongue | tongue |
| trich | hair |
| trypsin | digestive enzyme; one of the earliest enzymes discovered |
| ulcer | open sore |
| umbilic | cord connecting the placenta to the baby |
| vagin | infolded body part |
| vallate | like a moat |
| verd | green |
| vermi[s] | worm |
| villus | small, hair-like feature of the intestinal surface |
| vit[a] | related to life |
| volunt[us] | of one's free will |
| zyme | ending of the word "enzyme" |
