How the Unit 11 Word List Was Built
Etymology | Prefix | "Pre-Root" | Root Root | "Post-Root" | Suffix1 Word End |
Suffix2 Word End |
Word |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
albumin | ur | ia | albuminuria | ||||
anti | spasm | od | ic | antispasmodic | |||
an | ur | ia | anuria | ||||
azo/t | emia | azotemia | |||||
azo/to | rrhea | azotorrhea | |||||
azo/t | ur | ia | azoturia | ||||
Greek kalyx, "seed pod, husk, outer covering" | calyx | calyx | |||||
capsul[e] | ar | capsular | |||||
French "a membranous sac" from Latin capsa, "box or chest" + –ula diminutive suffix | capsule | capsule | |||||
Latin convolutus, "rolled together", made from com– + volvere, "to roll" | convolute | d | convoluted | ||||
corpus | cle | corpuscle | |||||
cortic[is] | al | cortical | |||||
cyst | algia | cystalgia | |||||
cyst | ectomy | cystectomy | |||||
cyst | itis | cystitis | |||||
cyst/o | cele | cystocele | |||||
cyst/o | dynia | cystodynia | |||||
cyst/o | gram | cystogram | |||||
cyst/o | graphy | cystography | |||||
cyst/o | lith | cystolith | |||||
cyst/o | lith | ectomy | cystolithectomy | ||||
cyst/o | oma | cystoma | |||||
cyst/o | plegia | cystoplegia | |||||
cyst/o | ptosis | cystoptosis | |||||
cyst/o | rrhexis | cystorrhexis | |||||
cyst/o | scopy | cystoscopy | |||||
cyst/o | spasm | cystospasm | |||||
cyst/o | stomy | cystostomy | |||||
cyst/o | tomy | cystotomy | |||||
cyst/o | ureter | itis | cystoureteritis | ||||
cyst/o | urethr/o | cele | cystourethrocele | ||||
cyst/o | urethr/o | gram | cystourethrogram | ||||
Latin dētrūdō, "to drive, force, or thrust away" | detrusor | detrusor | |||||
Greek dialysis, "dissolution, separation" | dialysis | dialysis | |||||
dips/o | genic | dipsogenic | |||||
di | ur | esis | diuresis | ||||
di | ur | etic | diuretic | ||||
dys | ur | ia | dysuria | ||||
Greek enourein, "to urinate in" (en– + ourein); urinating in bed | en | ur | esis | enuresis | |||
extra | corp[us]/r | eal | extracorporeal | ||||
Latinfacultatem means "the power, ability, opportunity". Ultimately, it comes from facere, "to do". The same meaning in cell biology is carried by the word "regulated" (literally, "by rule". No one knows why different words are used to mean the same thing. | facult/a | tive | facultative | ||||
fascia | fascia | ||||||
Latin fulgur, "lightning" | fulgur | ation | fulguration | ||||
glomerul | ar | glomerular | |||||
glomerul/o | nephr | itis | glomerulonephritis | ||||
glomerul/o | pathy | glomerulopathy | |||||
glomerul/o | scler | osis | glomerulosclerosis | ||||
Latin glomer, "ball of thread" + –ul[e] diminutive suffix + –us anatomical structure word ending | glomer | ul[e] | us | glomerulus | |||
glucos | ur | ia | glucosuria | ||||
glycos | ur | ia | glycosuria | ||||
hem/at | ur | ia | hematuria | ||||
hemi | nephr | ectomy | heminephrectomy | ||||
hemi | nephr/o | ureter | ectomy | heminephroureterectomy | |||
hem/o | dia | lysis | hemodialysis | ||||
hydr/o | nephr | osis | hydronephrosis | ||||
hyper | nephr | oma | hypernephroma | ||||
hypo | natr | emia | hyponatremia | ||||
Greek hupospadíās (from Galen), hypo– + spadon, "fissure" | hypo | spad[on] | ias[is] | hypospadias | |||
Latin contenere, "to hold back, check" | in | contin | ence | incontinence | |||
intra | corp[us]/r | eal | intracorporeal | ||||
juxta | medull[a] | ary | juxtamedullary | ||||
keto | lysis | ketolysis | |||||
keton | ur | ia | ketonuria | ||||
lapar/o | nephr | ectomy | laparonephrectomy | ||||
lith | ectomy | lithectomy | |||||
lith | iasis | lithiasis | |||||
lith/o | cyst/o | tomy | lithocystotomy | ||||
lith/o | nephr | itis | lithonephritis | ||||
lith/o | nephr/o | tomy | lithonephrotomy | ||||
lith/o | tripsy | lithotripsy | |||||
macula | densa | macula densa | |||||
meat[us] | al | meatal | |||||
meat/o | plasty | meatoplasty | |||||
meat/o | rrhaphy | meatorrhaphy | |||||
meat/o | scope | meatoscope | |||||
meat/o | scopy | meatoscopy | |||||
meat/o | tomy | meatotomy | |||||
Latin micturitum, "desire to urinate". Original meaning was "strong urge to urinate", but medically, it's used just as a fancier way of saying "urination". | micturi | tion | micturition | ||||
nephr | algia | nephralgia | |||||
nephr | ectomy | nephrectomy | |||||
nephr | itis | nephritis | |||||
nephr/o | cele | nephrocele | |||||
nephr/o | cyst | anastomosis | nephrocystanastomosis | ||||
nephr/o | gram | nephrogram | |||||
nephr/o | graphy | nephrography | |||||
nephr/o | hyper | trophy | nephrohypertrophy | ||||
nephr/o | lith | iasis | nephrolithiasis | ||||
nephr/o | lith/o | tomy | nephrolithotomy | ||||
nephr/o | logist | nephrologist | |||||
nephr/o | logy | nephrology | |||||
nephr | oma | nephroma | |||||
nephr/o | malacia | nephromalacia | |||||
nephr/o | megaly | nephromegaly | |||||
nephr | on | nephron | |||||
nephr/o | pathy | nephropathy | |||||
nephr/o | pexy | nephropexy | |||||
nephr/o | ptosis | nephroptosis | |||||
nephr/o | rrhaphy | nephrorrhaphy | |||||
nephr/o | scler | osis | nephrosclerosis | ||||
nephr/o | scopy | nephroscopy | |||||
nephr | osis | nephrosis | |||||
nephr/o | sono | gram | nephrosonography | ||||
nephr/o | stomy | nephrostomy | |||||
nephr/o | tomy | nephrotomy | |||||
nephr/o | toxin | nephrotoxin | |||||
nephr/o | ureter | ectomy | nephroureterectomy | ||||
noct | ur | ia | nocturia | ||||
The Latin obligare means "to bind", like a bandage on a wound. In cell biology, the same idea is expressed by the word "constitutive". No one knows why we use different words to mean the same thing. | obligator[ius] | y | obligatory | ||||
olig[o] | ur | ia | oliguria | ||||
para | phimosis | paraphimosis | |||||
pedi | cels | pedicels | |||||
peri | tubul[e] | ar | peritubular | ||||
From Greek for "muzzle" | phimosis | phimosis | |||||
podo | cytes | podocytes | |||||
poly | cyst | ic | polycystic | ||||
poly | dips | ia | polydipsia | ||||
poly | ur | ia | polyuria | ||||
pyel | itis | pyelitis | |||||
pyel/o | cyst | itis | pyelocystitis | ||||
pyel/o | cyst/o | stom[a] | osis | pyelocystostomosis | |||
pyel/o | gram | pyelogram | |||||
pyel/o | lith/o | tomy | pyelolithotomy | ||||
pyel/o | nephr | itis | pyelonephritis | ||||
pyel/o | pathy | pyelopathy | |||||
pyel/o | plasty | pyeloplasty | |||||
pyel/o | stomy | pyelostomy | |||||
pyel/o | tomy | pyelotomy | |||||
pyel/o | ureter | ectasia | pyeloureterectasia | ||||
py/o | nephr | itis | pyonephritis | ||||
py/o | nephr/o | lith | iasis | pyonephrolithiasis | |||
py/o | pyel/o | ectasis | pyopyeloectasis | ||||
pyramid | pyramid | ||||||
py | ur | ia | pyuria | ||||
Latin absorbere, "to swallow up" | re | absorp | tion | reabsorption | |||
ren | al | renal | |||||
ren | in | renin | |||||
Latin resectionem, "action of cutting off or away" | resect | ion | resection | ||||
resect/o | scope | resectoscope | |||||
retro | periton | eal | retroperitoneal | ||||
trans | rect[um] | al | transrectal | ||||
trans | urethr | al | transurethral | ||||
Greek trígōnos, "triangular" | trigone | trigone | |||||
tub[e] | ule | tubule | |||||
tubulo | glomer | ul[us] | ar | tubuloglomerular | |||
ultra | sono | graphy | ultrasonography | ||||
urea | urea | ||||||
ur | emia | uremia | |||||
ureter | algia | ureteralgia | |||||
ureter | ectomy | ureterectomy | |||||
ureter | itis | ureteritis | |||||
ureter/o | cele | ureterocele | |||||
ureter/o | ileo | stomy | ureteroileostomy | ||||
ureter/o | lith | iasis | ureterolithiasis | ||||
ureter/o | nephr | ectomy | ureteronephrectomy | ||||
ureter/o | plasty | ureteroplasty | |||||
ureter/o | pyel | itis | ureteropyelitis | ||||
ureter/o | pyel/o | nephr | itis | ureteropyelonephritis | |||
ureter/o | rrhaphy | ureterorrhaphy | |||||
ureter/o | scopy | ureteroscopy | |||||
ureter | stenosis | ureterstenosis | |||||
urethr | ectomy | urethrectomy | |||||
urethr | itis | urethritis | |||||
So much fun, they wrote a song about it. | urethr/o | cyst | itis | urethrocystitis | |||
urethr/o | dynia | urethrodynia | |||||
urethr/o | gram | urethrogram | |||||
urethr/o | pexy | urethropexy | |||||
urethr/o | plasty | urethroplasty | |||||
urethr/o | rrhea | urethrorrhea | |||||
urethr/o | scope | urethroscope | |||||
urethr/o | scopy | urethroscopy | |||||
urethr/o | spasm | urethrospasm | |||||
urethr/o | stenosis | urethrostenosis | |||||
urethr/o | tomy | urethrotomy | |||||
Urin[e] + [an]alysis | urin[e] | [an]alysis | urinalysis | ||||
urin | ary | urinary | |||||
ur/o | cyan | osis | urocyanosis | ||||
ur/o | dynia | urodynia | |||||
ur/o | logist | urologist | |||||
ur/o | logy | urology | |||||
ur/o | pathy | uropathy | |||||
ur/o | poeiesis | uropoiesis | |||||
ur/o | stomy | urostomy | |||||
ur/o | xanth | in | uroxanthin | ||||
vesic/o | cele | vesicocele | |||||
vesic/o | stomy | vesicostomy | |||||
vesic/o | tomy | vesicotomy | |||||
vesic/o | ureter | al | vesicoureteral | ||||
void | ing | voiding |