acidosis |
condition of high acid [in the blood] |
adenoidectomy |
surgical removal of an adenoid gland |
adenoiditis |
inflammation of an adenoid gland |
alkalosis |
condition of high alkali or low acid [in the blood] |
alveolar |
pertaining to the air sacs of the lungs |
alveolitis |
inflammation of the air sacs of the lungs |
alveolus |
an air sac of the lungs |
antitussive |
a drug that suppresses coughing |
apnea |
a condition where the patient repeatedly stops breathing at night |
apneustic |
pertaining to a part of the brain that triggers an apneustic breathing pattern |
asthma |
autoimmune disease causing inflammation of the air passages |
atelectasis |
alveoli fail to dilate, making breathing impossible; collapsed lung |
auscultation |
listening to breath sounds through a stethoscope |
bradypnea |
slow breathing |
bronchiectasis |
dilation of the bronchi |
bronchiogenic |
cancer that arises from the bronchi |
bronchiole |
air passage that connects bronchi to alveoli |
bronchiolectasis |
dilation of the bronchioles |
bronchiolitis |
inflammation of the bronchioles |
bronchiostenosis |
narrowing of the bronchi |
bronchitis |
inflammation of the bronchi |
bronchodilator |
drug that widens the bronchi |
bronchoplasty |
surgical revision of the bronchi |
bronchorrhea |
flow of liquid from the bronchi |
bronchoscope |
an instrument for looking into the bronchi |
bronchoscopy |
looking into the bronchi |
bronchospasm |
abnormal contraction of the bronchi |
bronchus |
one of the tubes that connect the trachea to the bronchioles |
capnography |
a test of the carbon dioxide concentration in the breath |
capnometer |
instrument for measuring carbon dioxide concentration |
cardiopulmonary |
pertaining to the heart and lungs |
carina |
the anatomical feature associated with the division of the trachea into two primary bronchi (literally, "a boat keel") |
caseous |
cheese-like |
chylothorax |
accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space |
conchae |
the interior walls of the nasal sinuses that resemble the chambers of a conch shell |
costophrenic |
pertaining to the ribs and diaphragm |
cystic fibrosis |
a genetic condition that results from a mutation in a chloride channel protein; affects the lungs and digestive system with thick, sticky mucus |
diaphragmatocele |
herniation of the diaphragm |
dysphonia |
abnormal speech |
dyspnea |
abnormal breathing |
empyema |
pus in the pleural space |
endoscope |
an instrument for looking inside [the respiratory passages] |
endotracheal |
tube inserted into the trachea |
epistaxis |
nosebleed |
eupnea |
normal breathing |
expectorant |
drug which aids in thinning mucus secretions |
expectoration |
the process of spitting |
expiration |
breathing out |
glottis |
the vocal cords and the opening between them |
hemoptysis |
coughing blood |
hemothorax |
blood in the pleural space |
hilum |
the inner curve of a bean-shaped organ such as the lungs |
hypercapnia |
too much carbon dioxide in the blood |
hypercarbia |
too much carbon dioxide in the blood |
hyperpnea |
abnormally rapid breathing |
hyperventilate |
to breathe too rapidly |
hyperventilation |
the result of breathing too rapidly |
hypocapnia |
too little carbon dioxide in the blood |
hypocarbia |
too little carbon dioxide in the blood |
hypopnea |
abnormally slow breathing |
hypoventilate |
to breathe too slowly |
hypoventilation |
the result of breathing too slowly |
hypoxemia |
low oxygen levels in the blood |
hypoxia |
low oxygen levels |
innervation |
the connection of nerves to an organ |
inspiration |
breathing in |
intercostal |
between the ribs |
intubate |
insert an endotracheal tube |
kinetic |
pertaining to movement |
laryngectomy |
surgical removal of the larynx |
laryngitis |
inflammation of the larynx |
laryngopharynx |
the portion of the pharynx that surrounds the larynx |
laryngoplasty |
surgical revision of the larynx |
laryngospasm |
abnormal contraction of the larynx |
laryngotracheobronchitis |
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi |
larynx |
the organ of speech; voice-box |
lobe |
one of the major divisions of the lung (two on the left, three on the right) |
lobectomy |
surgical removal of a lung lobe |
lobotomy |
cutting into a lung lobe |
lung |
the organ of respiration |
mesothelioma |
cancer of the pleural lining that usually results from asbestos exposure |
mucolytic |
drug that breaks apart mucus (i.e. thins the mucus) |
nares |
nostrils |
nasoendoscope |
an instrument for looking inside the nose and nasal sinuses |
nasogastric |
a tube that enters the nose and nasopharynx and is inserted into the stomach |
nasopharyngoscope |
an instrument for looking inside the nose and nasopharynx |
nasopharynx |
the portion of the pharynx that is within the nasal sinuses |
nebulizer |
device for breaking liquid into microscopic droplets (1/1000 to 5/1000 of a millimeter in diameter) |
obstructive |
characterized by blockage of air flow |
oropharynx |
the portion of the pharynx that is within the oral cavity |
orthopnea |
shortness of breath when lying down |
oximetry |
measurement of oxygen |
palatoplasty |
surgical revision of the palate |
pansinusitis |
inflammation of all nasal sinuses |
pectoriloquy |
abnormal resonance of the voice through lung structures, heard through a stethoscope (literally, "chest talking") |
pectus carinatum |
deformity of the chest with the sternum and ribs pushed outward, like a boat keel |
pectus excavatum |
deformity of the chest with the sternum and ribs pushed inward |
percussion |
tapping the chest |
perfusion |
passing liquid (such as blood) through an organ |
pharyngitis |
inflammation of the pharynx |
pharyngostenosis |
narrowing of the pharynx |
pharynx |
formed from the joining of the nasal and oral cavities; divides into the esophagus and trachea inferiorly |
phonation |
the act of making vocal sounds |
phrenic |
pertaining to the diaphragm |
phrenoplegia |
paralysis of the diaphragm |
phrenoptosis |
drooping of the diaphragm |
phrenospasm |
abnormal contraction of the diaphragm |
pleura |
the membrane lining the space between the lungs and chest wall |
pleural |
the space between the lungs and chest wall |
pleuralgia |
pain in the pleural membrane |
pleurectomy |
surgical removal of the pleura |
pleurisy |
inflammation of the pleura |
pleuritis |
inflammation of the pleura |
pleurodynia |
pain in the pleural membrane |
pleuropexy |
surgical fixation of the pleura |
pneumatocele |
herniation of the lungs |
pneumoconiosis |
condition of dust in the lungs |
pneumohemothorax |
air and blood in the pleural space |
pneumomelanosis |
black spots in the lungs due to the accumulation of coal dust or carbon particles |
pneumonectomy |
surgical removal of the lung |
pneumonia |
inflammation of the lungs (usuallly infectious) |
pneumonitis |
inflammation of the lungs (usually non-infectious) |
pneumotaxic |
pertaining to movement of the lungs |
pneumothorax |
air in the pleural space (leads to a collapsed lung, or atelectasia) |
polysomnography |
test which uses several modalities (EEG, pulse ox, pulse rate, respiratory rate) during sleep |
pulmonary |
pertaining to the lungs |
pulmonologist |
a person who studies the lungs |
pyothorax |
pus in the pleural space |
respiration |
the process of exchanging gases (between room air and the blood in the lungs; between blood and the extracellular fluid in the tissues) |
respiratory |
pertaining to the process of exchanging gases |
retraction |
the process of pulling back |
rhinitis |
inflammation of the nasal passages |
rhinoplasty |
surgical revision of the nose ("a nose job") |
rhinorrhagia |
a profuse nosebleed |
rhinorrhea |
flow of liquid from the nose ("a runny nose") |
rhythmicity |
the quality of being rhythmic; having a regular beat |
septectomy |
surgical removal of the wall between the nasal sinuses |
sinoatrial node |
primary pacemaker, whose electrical activity sets a pace for the heartbeat |
sinus |
a large cavity within a bone or other tissue |
sinusitis |
inflammation of the nasal sinuses |
sinusotomy |
cutting into the nasal sinuses |
spirogram |
a record of breathing |
spirometry |
the process of measuring the volume and rate of the breath |
sputum |
thick fluid expelled from the lungs |
sternocostal |
pertaining to the sternum and ribs |
syncope |
fainting; loss of consciousness |
tachypnea |
fast breathing |
thoracalgia |
pain in the thorax |
thoracentesis |
puncture of the thorax with removal of fluid |
thoracic |
pertaining to the thorax |
thoracocentesis |
puncture of the thorax with removal of fluid |
thoracoplasty |
surgical revision of the thorax |
thoracostomy |
creating an opening in the thorax |
thoracotomy |
cutting into the thorax |
thoracoscopy |
looking inside the thorax |
trachea |
tube connecting the laryngopharynx to the bronchi; windpipe |
tracheitis |
inflammation of the trachea |
tracheomalacia |
abnormal softening of the trachea |
tracheostenosis |
narrowing of the trachea |
tracheostomy |
creating an opening in the trachea (e.g. to restore breathing in a choking person) |
tracheotomy |
cutting into the trachea |
turbinate |
shaped like a turbine (round wheel with vanes) |
ventilation |
the process of moving air in and out of the body |