How the Unit 5 Word List Was Built
Etymology | Prefix | "Pre-Root" | Root Root | "Post-Root" | Suffix1 Word End |
Suffix2 Word End |
Word |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latin abducere, ab–, "off, away from" + ducere, "to lead" | ab | duct | ion | abduction | |||
a | chondro | plasia | achondroplasia | ||||
a | dactyl | y | adactyly | ||||
ad | duct | ion | adduction | ||||
agon | ist | agonist | |||||
amphi | arthr/o | t + ic | amphiarthrotic | ||||
an | alges[ia] | ic | analgesic | ||||
"stiff lizard" | ankylo[s] | saurus | ankylosaurus | ||||
Greek ankylos, "stiff" or "crooked" | ankylos | ing | ankylosing | ||||
ankyl[os] | osis | ankylosis | |||||
ant[i] | agon | ist | antagonist | ||||
anti | arthri | t + ic | antiarthritic | ||||
anti– | inflammat[ion] | ory | anti-inflammatory | ||||
anti | pyre | t + ic | antipyretic | ||||
Greek apo–, "from, off, away" + phúsis (physis), "growth" | apo | physis | apophysis | ||||
append[ix] | icul[e] | ar | appendicular | ||||
arthr | algia | arthralgia | |||||
arthr[o] | ectomy | arthrectomy | |||||
arthro | centesis | arthrocentesis | |||||
arthro | scope | arthroscope | |||||
arthro | desis | arthrodesis | |||||
arthro | dynia | arthrodynia | |||||
dys | arthro | plasia | arthrodysplasia | ||||
arthro | gram | arthrogram | |||||
arthro | graphy | arthrography | |||||
arthro | pathy | arthropathy | |||||
arthro | plasty | arthroplasty | |||||
arthro | scop | ic | arthroscopic | ||||
arthro | tomy | arthrotomy | |||||
articul[us] | ar | articular | |||||
a | tax | ia | ataxia | ||||
a | troph | y | atrophy | ||||
Latin axis, "axle; line that the earth rotates around" | axi | al | axial | ||||
brady | kines | ia | bradykinesia | ||||
bursa | bursa | ||||||
burs | ectomy | bursectomy | |||||
burs | itis | bursitis | |||||
burso | tomy | bursotomy | |||||
calci | ton[ic] | in | calcitonin | ||||
calci | tri | ol | calcitriol | ||||
carp[us] | al | carpal | |||||
carp | ectomy | carpectomy | |||||
carp | itis | carpitis | |||||
cervi[x] | c + al | cervical | |||||
cervic | itis | cervicitis | |||||
cervico | dynia | cervicodynia | |||||
chondr | itis | chondritis | |||||
chondro | dynia | chondrodynia | |||||
chondr[o] | oma | chondroma | |||||
chondro | malacia | chondromalacia | |||||
chrondro | plasty | chondroplasty | |||||
circum | duct | ion | circumduction | ||||
condyle | condyle | ||||||
cost | al | costal | |||||
cost | algia | costalgia | |||||
cost | ectomy | costectomy | |||||
costo | chondr | itis | costochondritis | ||||
crani[o] | ectomy | craniectomy | |||||
cranio | malacia | craniomalacia | |||||
cranio | meter | craniometer | |||||
syn | cranio | ost[eo] | osis | craniosynostosis | |||
cranio | tomy | craniotomy | |||||
Latin crepitus, "rattle" | crepit[us] | ation | crepitation | ||||
dactyl | algia | dactylalgia | |||||
dactyl | itis | dactylitis | |||||
dia | physis | diaphysis | |||||
di | arthro | t + ic | diarthrotic | ||||
dys | kinesia | dyskinesia | |||||
Latin, dys–, "abnormal, bad" + –plas–, "formation, development" + –ia | dys | plas | ia | dysplasia | |||
dys | taxia | dystaxia | |||||
dys | ton | ia | dystonia | ||||
ec | cent[e]r | ic | eccentric | ||||
Latin ef– (corrupted ex–), "out of" + fundere, "to pour" | ex → ef | fusion | effusion | ||||
electro | my/o | gram | electromyogram | ||||
electro | myo | graphy | electromyography | ||||
endo | chrondr[o] | al | endochondral | ||||
endo | my[o] | sium | endomysium | ||||
epi | my[o] | sium | epimysium | ||||
Greek epi–, "on top of" + phúsis (physis), "growth" | epi | physis | epiphysis | ||||
epi | condyle | epicondyle | |||||
ex | os/t | osis | exostosis | ||||
Latin extensio, "extension" | exten[d] | sion | extension | ||||
facet | facet | ||||||
Ultimately, the political term "fascist" and the anatomical term "fascia" come from the same Latin word for a bundle of sticks with an axe attached | fascia | fascia | |||||
fasci[a] | ectomy | fasciectomy | |||||
fasci | itis | fasciitis | |||||
fascio | rrhaphy | fasciorrhaphy | |||||
fascio | tomy | fasciotomy | |||||
fascio | plasty | fascioplasty | |||||
Latin femur, "thigh" | femor | al | femoral | ||||
fissure | fissure | ||||||
fix[ate] | ation | fixation | |||||
flex | ion | flexion | |||||
Latin foramen, "hole" | foramen | foramen | |||||
Latin fosse, "ditch" | fossa | fossa | |||||
Latin fractura, "break" | fracture | fracture | |||||
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) genu, "knee". PIE is the primordial language from which all Western languages originated | genu | genu | |||||
Greek gléne, "socket" | glen[e] | oid | glenoid | ||||
gomph | osis | gomphosis | |||||
grapho | spasm | graphospasm | |||||
Latin allex, "big toe", with an h added along the way | hallux | hallux | |||||
hem[o] | arthr[o] | osis | hemarthrosis | ||||
hemato | poiesis | hematopoiesis | |||||
hydr | arthr | osis | hydrarthrosis | ||||
hyper | calc | emia | hypercalcemia | ||||
hyper | exten[d] | sion | hyperextension | ||||
hyper | kines | ia | hyperkinesia | ||||
hyper | ton | ia | hypertonia | ||||
hyper | troph | y | hypertrophy | ||||
hypo | calc | emia | hypocalcemia | ||||
hypo | kines | ia | hypokinesia | ||||
hypo | phys[is] | eal | hypophyseal | ||||
pituitary gland, named because it lies underneath the brain ("physis cerebri") | hypo | physis | hypophysis | ||||
hypo | ton | ia | hypotonia | ||||
infra | spina | t + us | infraspinatus | ||||
inter | cost | al | intercostal | ||||
inter | osse | ous | interosseous | ||||
intra | membran[e] | ous | intramembranous | ||||
iso | metric | isometric | |||||
kinesio | logy | kinesiology | |||||
kinet | ic | kinetic | |||||
Greek kyphos, "crooked" | kyphosis | kyphosis | |||||
lacrim[a] | al | lacrimal | |||||
Latin lamina, "thin metal plate" + –ella (dim. suffix) | lam[ina] | ella | lamella | ||||
Greek lordos, "bent backward"; also indicates a sexually receptive posture in four-legged females | lordosis | lordosis | |||||
lumb | ar | lumbar | |||||
lumbo | dynia | lumbodynia | |||||
Latin meātus, "passage" | meatus | meatus | |||||
medull[a] | ary | medullary | |||||
meta | carp | al | metacarpal | ||||
meta | carp[o] | ectomy | metacarpectomy | ||||
meta | physis | metaphysis | |||||
meta | tars | algia | metatarsalgia | ||||
meta | tars[us] | al | metatarsals | ||||
musculo | skelet | al | musculoskeletal | ||||
my | algia | myalgia | |||||
Greek asthenes, "weakness" | my | asthenia | myasthenia | ||||
my | ectomy | myectomy | |||||
myo | clonus | myoclonus | |||||
myo | dynia | myodynia | |||||
myo | fasci[a] | itis | myofasciitis | ||||
myo | graphy | myography | |||||
myo | lysis | myolysis | |||||
my[o] | oma | myoma | |||||
myo | malacia | myomalacia | |||||
my | om[a] | ectomy | myomectomy | ||||
myo | plasty | myoplasty | |||||
myo | rrhaphy | myorrhaphy | |||||
myo | sarc[o] | oma | myosarcoma | ||||
myo | scler[o] | osis | myosclerosis | ||||
myos | itis | myositis | |||||
myo | spasm | myospasm | |||||
myo | tomy | myotomy | |||||
neuro | muscul | ar | neuromuscular | ||||
occipit[o] | al | occipital | |||||
ortho | t + ic | orthotic | |||||
os + s | ification | ossification | |||||
ost | algia | ostalgia | |||||
ost[e] | ectomy | oste(e)ctomy | |||||
oste[o] | itis | osteitis | |||||
osteo | arthr | itis | osteoarthritis | ||||
osteo | blast | osteoblast | |||||
osteo | carcin | oma | osteocarcinoma | ||||
osteo | chondr[o] | itis | osteochondritis | ||||
osteo | chondr[o] | oma | osteochondroma | ||||
osteo | clas[t] | ia | osteoclasia | ||||
osteo | clast | osteoclast | |||||
osteo | dynia | osteodynia | |||||
osteo | genesis | osteogenesis | |||||
osteo | lysis | osteolysis | |||||
osteo | malacia | osteomalacia | |||||
osteo | myel | itis | osteomyelitis | ||||
oste | on | osteon | |||||
osteo | pathy | osteopathy | |||||
osteo | penia | osteopenia | |||||
osteo | plasty | osteoplasty | |||||
osteo | por[e] | osis | osteoporosis | ||||
osteo | necr[o] | osis | osteonecrosis | ||||
osteo | sarc[o] | oma | osteosarcoma | ||||
osteo | scler[o] | osis | osteosclerosis | ||||
pector[is] | al | pectoral | |||||
pelvis | pelvis | ||||||
peri | my[o] | sium | perimysium | ||||
peri | oste[o] | um | periosteum | ||||
The Greek word phalanx (plural phalanges) describes a military formation with men closely packed together, like fingers and toes | phalanges | phalanges | |||||
pollux | pollux | ||||||
poly | dactyl | y | polydactyly | ||||
poly | myos | itis | polymyositis | ||||
pron[e] | ation | pronation | |||||
Greek rhabdo–, "rod" + myo + lysis. "Rod" in this context means striated muscle (i.e. skeletal muscle or voluntary muscle). | rhabdo | myo | lysis | rhabdomyolysis | |||
Greek sárx–, "flesh" + –lemma, "husk, rind" | sarco | lemma | sarcolemma | ||||
sarco | mere | sarcomere | |||||
sarco | plasm | sarcoplasm | |||||
Greek skolios, "bent" | scoliosis | scoliosis | |||||
Latin sphincter, "contractile muscle" | sphincter | sphincter | |||||
spine | spine | ||||||
spondyl | itis | spondylitis | |||||
spondylo | arthro | pathy | spondyloarthropathy | ||||
spondylo | dynia | spondylodynia | |||||
Greek spondylos, "vertebrae" + olisthánein, "slippage" | spondyl | olisthes | is | spondylolisthesis | |||
spondylo | lysis | spondylolysis | |||||
spondlyo | malacia | spondylomalacia | |||||
spondyl[o] | osis | spondylosis | |||||
sprain | sprain | ||||||
sten | osis | stenosis | |||||
sterno | tomy | sternotomy | |||||
sternum | sternum | ||||||
strain | strain | ||||||
Latin luxationem, "a dislocation" | sub | luxation | subluxation | ||||
sulcus | sulcus | ||||||
supinat | ion | supination | |||||
syn | arthro | t + ic | synarthrotic | ||||
syn | cyt | ium | syncytium | ||||
syn | dactyl | y | syndactyly | ||||
syn | erg[on] | ist | synergist | ||||
Talipes is formed from Latin tal[us], "ankle" + pes, "foot", in other words, "walking on the ankle". Equin[e], "horse" (walking on the toes like a horse) + varus, the direction the foot is turned in | talipes | equino | varus | talipes equinovarus | |||
tars[us] | al | tarsal | |||||
tars[us] | algia | tarsalgia | |||||
tars[us] | ectomy | tarsectomy | |||||
tars[us] | itis | tarsitis | |||||
tarso | clasia | tarsoclasia | |||||
tarso | ptosis | tarsoptosis | |||||
ten | algia | tenalgia | |||||
tend | ectomy | tendectomy | |||||
tendin | itis | tendinitis | |||||
teno | desis | tendodesis | |||||
tendo | lysis | tendolysis | |||||
tendon | itis | tendonitis | |||||
tendo | plasty | tendoplasty | |||||
teno | dynia | tenodynia | |||||
teno | lysis | tenolysis | |||||
teno | plasty | tenoplasty | |||||
teno | rrhaphy | tenorrhaphy | |||||
teno | tomy | tenotomy | |||||
thorac | ic | thoracic | |||||
tibia | tibia | ||||||
tibi[a] | algia | tibialgia | |||||
tomo | graphy | tomography | |||||
tono | graph | tonograph | |||||
literally, "twisted neck", from the same Latin roots as torque + collar | torti | collis | torticollis | ||||
trochanter | trochanter | ||||||
Latin trochlea, "pulley" | trochlea | trochlea | |||||
tuber | cle | tubercle | |||||
tuber | osity | tuberosity | |||||
knees closer together than normal | valgum valgus |
valgum valgus |
|||||
knees farther apart than normal | varum varus |
varum varus |
|||||
vertebra | vertebra | ||||||
Pertaining to the zygoma, from Greek zygon, "yoke". Named because it joins, or yokes, the bones of the face to the bones of the skull. | zygom[a] | atic | zygomatic |
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