How the Unit 2 Word List Was Built
You are not required to learn how the Unit 2 words were built; you are responsible for the prefixes, roots, suffixes, and word list tables for each Unit. But if you want to know how to build the Unit 2 words, this table can serve as your guide.
| Etymology | Prefix1 | Prefix2 | Root Root | "Post-Root" | Suffix Word End |
Word |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abdomin | al | abdominal | ||||
| ab | rupt | abrupt | ||||
| Latin acutus, "sharp, pointed" | acute | acute | ||||
| a | febr | ile | afebrile | |||
| Italian all'erte "to the high tower!" | alert | alert | ||||
| ana | tom | ical | anatomical | |||
| Greek ana + temnein, "to cut up" | ana | tom | y | anatomy | ||
| Latin ante (as in prefix), "more in front; earlier" | anter/i | or | anterior | |||
| Greek antron, "cave" | antrum | antrum | ||||
| Latin auscultare, "listen attentively to" | ausculta | tion | auscultation | |||
| Latin benignus, "well-born" (cf. malignant) | beni | gn[us] | benign | |||
| bi | later | al | bilateral | |||
| Calor is literally the Latin word for "heat", as in calorie. | calor | calor | ||||
| cardio | vascul | ar | cardiovascular | |||
| Latin cauda, tail. Also seen as cauda equina ("horse's tail") at the inferior end of the spinal cord | caud | al | caudal | |||
| Greek khronos, "time" | chronic | chronic | ||||
| contra | later | al | contralateral | |||
| coron | al | coronal | ||||
| cran/i | al | cranial | ||||
| de | genera | tion | degeneration | |||
| Greek diagignōskein, "to know one thing apart from another" | dia | gnos | is | diagnosis | ||
| different | ial | differential | ||||
| dis | charge | discharge | ||||
| dis | ease | disease | ||||
| Latin dis– "apart" + ponere "to put, place" | dis | posi | tion | disposition | ||
| dist | al | distal | ||||
| The Latin word dolor is pain or sadness. The name Dolores derives from St. Mary of the Sorrows (Spanish, Maria de los Dolores)
|
dolor | dolor | ||||
| Latin dorsum, "back" | dors | al | dorsal | |||
| dorsum | dorsum | |||||
| dys | lipid | emia | dyslipidemia | |||
| endo | crino | logy | endocrinology | |||
| Greek epi–, "among, upon" + dēmos, "a people"+ –logy. Compare to democracy, demo + Greek – kratos, "rule, strength". Democracy is literally "rule by the people" and epidemic is literally "[disease] on top of the people". | epi | dem/i/o | logy | epidemiology | ||
| epi | gastr | ic | epigastric | |||
| Greek aitia, "cause, responsibility"; also spelled ætiology | etio | logy | etiology | |||
| ex | acerb[o]/a | tion | exacerbation | |||
| febr | ile | febrile | ||||
| front | al | frontal | ||||
| genet | ic | genetic | ||||
| hereditar | y | hereditary | ||||
| homeo | stasis | homeostasis | ||||
| horizon[t] | al | horizontal | ||||
| hyper | tens | ion | hypertension | |||
| hypo | chondr | iac | hypochondriac | |||
| hypo | gastr | ic | hypogastric | |||
| hypo | tens | ion | hypotension | |||
| hyp[o] | ox | ia | hypoxia | |||
| literally, "caused by a healer"; a condition caused by a medical procedure | iatro | gen + ic | iatrogenic | |||
| blow or strike; smite; describes a disease that "hits you upside the head" | ict[us] | al | ictal | |||
| idio | path | ic | idiopathic | |||
| Latin ileum, singular form of ilia "flank, groin" | il[eum] | iac | iliac | |||
| Latin impressionem, "making a mark on through pressure" | im | press | ion | impression | ||
| First used to mean "causing no pain"(in–, "not" + –dol[or], "pain" | in | dol[or] | ent | indolent | ||
| infer | ior | inferior | ||||
| Latin inguinalis, "groin" | inguin | al | inguinal | |||
| From Latin insidiosus, "lying in wait", as an enemy crouched to ambush |
in | sidi[osus] | ous | insidious | ||
| ipsi | later | al | ipsilateral | |||
| Latin lateris, "the side" | later | al | lateral | |||
| Latin læsionem, "damage, injury" | lesion | lesion | ||||
| Greek lethargikos, "drowsy" | lethargic | lethargic | ||||
| local | ized | localized | ||||
| Latin lumbus "hip, loin" | lumb[us] | ar | lumbar | |||
| French word meaning "bad state of being" cf. disease | mal | aise [ease] | malaise | |||
| "badly born" mal- + Latin -gnus ("born") | mal/i | gn[us] | ant | malignant | ||
| Clearly defined; easy to distinguish | marked | marked | ||||
| med/i | al | medial | ||||
| Greek meta–, "change" + –histanai, "to stand or place" | meta | stasis | metastasis | |||
| micro | scope | microscope | ||||
| French morbidité, "in a state of disease" | morbid | ity | morbidity | |||
| mortal | ity | mortality | ||||
| literally, "join together to pay tribute to". Con– substitutes for com– before a t. | non | con | tribut | ory | noncontributory | |
| observa | tion | observation | ||||
| occult | occult | |||||
| orient | ed | oriented | ||||
| Latin palliatavus, "under a cloak; concealed" | palliat | ive | palliative | |||
| palm | ar | palmar | ||||
| palpa | tion | palpation | ||||
| path/o | gen | pathogen | ||||
| patho | logy | pathology | ||||
| patho | physi/o | logy | pathophysiology | |||
| pend | ing | pending | ||||
| percuss | ion | percussion | ||||
| physio | logy | physiology | ||||
| plant | ar | plantar | ||||
| Latin posterus (initial meaning coming after in time; here, means coming after anatomically) | poster/i | or | posterior | |||
| pro | gnos | is | prognosis | |||
| progress | ive | progressive | ||||
| Latin pronus, "bent forward" | prone | prone | ||||
| Greek prophylassein, "to keep watch, guard" | pro | phylax | is | prophylaxis | ||
| prox/im | al | proximal | ||||
| radio | graph | ic | radiographic | |||
| re, "again"+ Latin assecurar, "to secure" + ance, "to give" | re | assur | ance | reassurance | ||
| recurr | ent | recurrent | ||||
| Latin remissionem, "diminishing; going away" | remiss | ion | remission | |||
| French reproduire | re | produc | tive | reproductive | ||
| Latin rostrum, "beak, muzzle, snout" | rostr | al | rostral | |||
| "Calor, dolor, rubor, turgor" is an old Latin mnemonic for the four cardinal signs of inflammation (in English: heat, pain, redness, swelling). | rubor | rubor | ||||
| Latin sagittalis, "like an arrow" | sagitt | al | sagittal | |||
| sequel | sequelae | |||||
| skelet | al | skeletal | ||||
| sterile | sterile | |||||
| super/i | or | superior | ||||
| supine | supine | |||||
| sup [sub] | port | ive | supportive | |||
| Greek píptō, fall | sym | ptom | symptom | |||
| Greek, "running together" | syn | drome | syndrome | |||
| sy/s | stem | ic | systemic | |||
| Latin transvertere, "turning across" | trans | vers[us] | transverse | |||
| Latin turgere, "to swell". | turgor | turgor | ||||
| Latin umbilicus "navel" | umbilic[us] | al | umbilical | |||
| uni | later | al | unilateral | |||
| un | remark | able | unremarkable | |||
| vaso | dila | tion | vasodilation | |||
| Latin venter, "belly" | ventr | al | ventral |
