- ‘Abd Allah al-Mahdi
- Abdul Malik
- Abu al-‘Abbas al-Saffah, Caliph
- Abu Bakr, Caliph
- Ahmad Ibn Tulun
- ‘A’isha
- Al-Azhar
- Al-Hakim
- ‘Ali, Caliph
- al-Ma’mun
- Al-Mansur, Caliph
- Al-Mu‘izz
- Al-Muqaddimah
- Alexios Komnenos, Emperor
- Alids
- Amsar
- Ansar
- Asabiyyah
- Aybak
- Battle of Ajnadayn
- Battle of Badr
- Battle of Karbala
- Battle of Manzikert
- Battle of Marj Rahit
- Battle of Qadisiya
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- Battle of Siffin
- Battle of the Camel
- Battle of the Trench
- Battle of Uhud
- Battle of Yarmuk
- Baybars
- Bayt al-Hikmah
- Cyclical Theory of History
- Hadith
- Hajj
- Harun al-Rashid, Caliph
- Hijra
- Husayn
- Ibn Khaldun
- ibn Zubayr
- Isma‘ilis
- Jihad
- Jizya
- Ka’ba
- Kharanj
- Kharijis
- Majlis
- Mamluks
- Marwan, Caliph
- Mawali
- Mu‘awiya, Caliph
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- Mu‘tazila
- Muhajirun
- Muhammad ad-Darazi
- Muruwah
- People of the Book
- Quran
- Qutuz
- Ramadan
- Salah al-Din
- Salat
- Sawm
- Shahada
- Shajar al-Durr
- Sharia law
- Sunna
- The Battle of Ayn Jalut
- The Battle of Hattin
- Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
- ‘Umar, Caliph
- ‘Umar II, Caliph
- Umma
- Urban II, Pope
- ‘Uthman, Caliph
- Yazid
- Zakat
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