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Semana 9

Los verbos reflexivos

Reflexive verbs are actions when the subject (the person who does the action) and the object (the person who receives the action) are the same. In English, we use “oneself, myself, yourself” etc. to express this idea.

In Spanish, we use the reflexive pronouns, as seen in the following table:

Pronombre Verbo
Me levanto
Te levantas
Se levanta
Nos levantamos
Os levantáis
Se levantan

As you can see, the pronoun and the conjugation of the verb matches in the person: Me (myself, from yo) levanto (I get up, also from yo). If the action is NOT done to oneself, but to someone or something else it is NOT reflexive, and the pronouns is NOT used: Levanto a mi hijo (I get my son up).

In English we say “I brush my teeth everyday” but Spanish just uses the article for reflexive verbs “Me cepillo los dientes cada día” and don’t use “mis” or any of the possessive adjectives.

Note that not all reflexive verbs have the “self” component when considered in English, but still may be reflexive in Spanish, such as “dormirse”–to fall asleep. It is not “sleep myself” but it still a reflexive verb.

Verbos reflexivos
despertarse (e→ie) wake up
levantarse get up
ducharse shower
bañarse bathe
lavarse (el pelo/ los dientes/ las manos) wash (your hair/ teeth/ hands)
afeitarse shave (face)
sentirse (e→ie) feel (interior)
maquillarse put make up on
peinarse comb your hair
cepillarse (el pelo/ los dientes) brush (your hair/ your teeth)
ponerse (algo) put something on
vestirse (e→i) get dressed
quitarse (algo) take something off
desvestirse (e→i) get undressed
secarse dry
divertirse (e→ie) have fun
acostarse (o→ue) get in bed
dormirse (o→ue) fall asleep

La rutina diaria

Vocabulario útil para la rutina diaria

el jabón soap
el despertador alarm clock
la crema de afeitar shaving cream
las pantuflas/zapatillas slippers/flipflops
la pasta de dientes toothpaste
el secador de pelo hair dryer
el cepillo brush
la toalla towel
el perfume/la colonia perfume/cologne
el maquillaje makeup
el inodoro toilet
el lavabo sink (bathroom)
la ducha shower
seco/a/s dry
mojado/a/s wet
limpo/a/s clean
sucio/a/s dirty

Verbos irregulares: cambios de raíz

Verbos irregulares--con cambios de raíz

cambios (e→ie)
(e→i)
(o→ue)
pensar (e→ie) to think
contar (o→ue) to count, tell
sentir (e→ie) to feel
dormir (o→ue) to sleep
pedir (e→i) to ask for
despertarse (e→ie) to wake up
acostarse (o→ue) to go to bed, lie down
querer (e→ie) to want, love
poder (o→ue) to be able to (can)
mentir (e→ie) to lie
morir (o→ue) to die
seguir (e→i) to continue, follow
cerrar (e→ie) to close
acordarse (o→ue) to remember
entender (e→ie) to understand
volver (o→ue) to return
divertirse (e→ie) to have fun
vestirse (e→i) to get dressed
empezar (e→ie) to start, begin
recordar (o→ue) to remember, remind
encender (e→ie) to turn on (electric item)
soler (o→ue) to usually do something
preferir (e→ie) to prefer
reírse (e→i) to laugh
sonar (o→ue) to sound, make a sound
soñar (o→ue) to dream
doler (o→ue) to hurt (acts like "gustar")
elegir (e→i) to choose
costar (o→ue) to cost
conseguir (e→i) to get, obtain
medir (e→i) to measure
jugar (u→ue) to play
fregar (e→ie) to scrub, wash

La comida

Los alimentos y comida

las verduras/las carnes/los postres vegetables/meats/desserts las frutas/productos lácteos/las comidas fruits/dairy/prepared foods otros other
la lechuga lettuce la piña pineapple la sal salt
el tomate tomato la fresa strawberry el azúcar sugar
la cebolla onion la uva grape la harina flour
el pimiento bell pepper el coco coconut la pimienta pepper
la papa/patata (Sp) potato la pera pear el pan bread
la zanahoria carrot la manzana apple la miel honey
el maíz corn la naranja orange la avena oats
el ajo garlic el durazno peach el aceite oil
las carnes meats la sandía watermelon el kétchup/la salsa de tomate ketchup
el cerdo/chancho pork el aguacate avocado la mostaza mustard
la carne de res beef la banana/el plátano banana/plantain la mayonesa mayonnaise
el pollo chicken Los productos lácteos dairy el jugo juice
la salchicha/el chorizo sausage la leche milk el agua (f.) water
el tocino bacon el yogur yogurt la botella bottle
el pavo turkey la mantequilla butter el café coffee
el jamón ham el queso cheese el vino wine
el huevo egg la crema cream el arroz rice
la carne molida hamburger el helado ice cream los frijoles beans
el pescado fish la margarina margarine los frutos secos, nueces nuts
el camarón shrimp las comidas foods (prepared) la cuchara spoon
las costillas ribs la hamburguesa hamburger (sandwich) el cuchillo knife
los embutidos cold cuts, sausages la ensalada salad el tenedor fork
los dulces sweets, candies las legumbres legumes la servilleta napkin
el pastel cake la sopa soup el vaso cup
la galleta cookie/cracker el sándwich sandwich el hielo ice
la dona donut la pizza pizza el plato plate
el arroz con leche rice pudding la pasta pasta los cubiertos silverware
los postres desserts el plato fuerte main dish el mantel tablecloth

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Spanish 1010 at Utah Tech--Dr. Cartmill Copyright © 2025 by Michael Cartmill and Lucia Taylor is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.