Under the cerebral cortex, there are many structures responsible for different behavioral responses – we collectively call them the limbic system.

The following are the main functions of the major areas of the limbic system.

Amygdala: The most important emotional center

Hippocampus: Involved in learning and memory

Hypothalamus: Endocrine function through pituitary gland – controls homeostasis

Thalamus: Relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex

Cingulate gyrus: Scaling emotional responses; conscious awareness of emotional state