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Introduction
What Prehistoric and Indigenous Peoples Knew
There Was Surprisingly Little Knowledge of Neuroscience Gained in the 5000 Years from the Ancient Egyptians to the European Renaissance
The Convergence of Advances in Physiology, Histology, and Electricity Lead to an Acceleration in Our Understanding of the Brain
Localization of Function: Successes and Failures
The Imaging Revolution
The Major Divisions of the Nervous System
How the Neural Tube Develops Into the Major Divisions of the Central Nervous System
The Spinal Cord
Lobes of the Human Brain
The Gyrencephalic Brain: Sulci
The Gyrencephalic Brain: Gyri and Functional Areas
Internal Anatomy of the Forebrain
The Thalamus and Hypothalamus
The Midbrain
The Pons and Cerebellum
The Medulla
The Cranial Nerves
The Meninges Are Your Brain's Womb, Not Its Mother
Production, Circulation, and Resorption of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Anterior and Posterior Circulation of the Brain
The Blood-Brain Barrier
Venous Drainage of the Brain
Neurons and Glial Cells
Techniques Used to Study Neurons at the Cellular Level
Neuronal Shape and Neuronal Information Processing
Myelination
Organelles
Energy Production
Glutamate Management
Lindsey Aune and Jim Hutchins
Energy Allocation
The Endosomal System
Axonal Transport
Axonal Transport and the Tracing of Connections in the Brain
Epigenetic Modifications
An Introduction to Some Molecular Biological Techniques Used in Neuroscience
Regulation of Transcription
Translation
Transcription
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
The Neuronal Membrane is Selectively Permeable
Maintenance of the Normal Concentrations of Ions Inside and Outside the Neuron
Visualizing Single Channel Currents With the Patch-Clamp Method
The Equilibrium Potential
The Resting Membrane Potential
The Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equation
Voltage-Gated Ion Channels
The Action Potential in Unmyelinated Axons
The Action Potential in Myelinated Axons
Action Potential Propagation
The Chemical Synapse
Packaging Neurotransmitter Into Vesicles
Neurotransmitter Release
Ionotropic Receptors (Ligand-Gated Channels)
Metabotropic Receptors (G Protein-Coupled Receptors)
Terminating Neurotransmitter Action
Signal Transduction
Transduction by Ionotropic Receptors
Transduction by Metabotropic Receptors
Retrograde Information Transmission at the Synapse
Electrical Synapses
Cable Properties of Neurons
Postsynaptic Potentials
Spatial and Temporal Summation
The Influence of Neuronal Shape on the Electrical Properties of the Neuron
The History of the Concept of Modifiable Synapses
The Hippocampal Slice
Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)
The Molecules of Memory
Early and Late Long-Term Potentiation
The Eye and Retina
Visual Transduction
Retinal Wiring
Edge Processing in the Retina
Motion Processing in the Retina
Color Processing in the Retina
Retinal Ganglion Cell Classification and Function
Visual Fields
Optic Nerve and Tract
Superior Colliculus
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)
Optic Radiations
Primary Visual Cortex
1. Invertebrate Olfaction
2. Human Chemical Senses
Autonomic Motor Dumped Here
Skeletal Muscles Are the Effectors of the Nervous System
Skeletal Muscle
Alpha Motor Neurons and the Neuromuscular Junction
The Cross-Bridge Cycle and Excitation-Contraction Coupling
The Gamma Loop: Sensory Feedback from Muscle
Golgi Tendon Organs
Motor Cortex
The Lateral Corticospinal Tract (Pyramidal Tract)
The Cerebellum
The Basal Nuclei
Premotor and Supplementary Motor Cortex
Frontal Eye Fields
Mirror Neurons
Reflex Pathways
Appendix
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Introduction to Neuroscience Copyright © by Jim Hutchins; Lindsey Aune; and Rachel Jessop is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.