Organelles

Introduction

When looking at the human body it is easy to break us down into structures. There is the skeletal structure that consists of bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and muscles. With all these structures working together we are able to give our body the ability to move. Our Integument structure consists of our skin, hair, and nails. The main purpose of this structure is to protect our body from the outside world and the harmful toxins that we are exposed to on a daily basis. Our Nervous system is the structure that this textbook and neuroscience is focused on. It consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Its purpose is to send and receive impulses that are happening to keep your body in homeostasis ( Keeping the body in balance from mental to physical stability). Now there is a basic understanding of what makes up the body on a bigger scale it is time to look at what makes up those structures specifically on the cellular level. Cells are what make up the body and every part of your body consists of them. In the nervous system neurons are the primary cell that consist of and will be found when looking into those structures. In the human body there are over 80 billion neurons most of which

are located in the brain. ( Harvard Med). This chapter will focus on the organelles ( structures that make up a cell) of the neuron and their functions.

Cell Membrane

The outermost layer of a cell is often called the cell membrane but could be referred to as the plasma membrane due to the consistency of the structure. In a deeper look of what makes up the cell membrane, phospholipids are what make up the membrane. Those phospholipids are packed closely together and consist of a round head and two tails. (PHOTO) Different molecules make up the head then those who make up the tails. This is due to the portion of the phospholipid bilayer that is the head is hydrophilic and the area of the tails are hydrophobic this will allow the cell to maintain its shape and determine what will enter and exit the cell.(Photo of phospholipid bilayer). In the membrane there are Ion channels whose purpose is to allow certain ions such as potassium and calcium to pass through and either enter or exit the cell. Proteins surround these ions to allow them to pass through with more ease.

Cytoskeleton

In the cytoskeleton there are three components that each lay over top of one another, actin, intermediate filaments, and microtubules refer to chapter nine for more information of the purpose of these layers.

Lysosome

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Mitochondria

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Nucleus

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Peroxisome

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Ribosome

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Dendrites

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Soma

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Transport Vesicle

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Axon

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Myelin Sheath

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Synaptic Terminal

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Synaptic Vesicle

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Definition area: Homeostasis Organelles Cell Membrane Plasma membrane Phospholipids
Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Phospholipid Bilayer