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Introduction
Organelles
The Nucleus of Neurons
Transcription and its Regulation in Neurons
Translation in Neurons
The Golgi Complex in Neurons
Vesicular Release Mechanisms in Neurons
Energy Metabolism in Neurons
Mitochondria in Neurons
The Cytoskeleton of Neurons
Anterograde and Retrograde Transport Mechanisms in Neurons
Introduction to Human Neuroanatomy
A Parts List for the Human Brain and Spinal Cord
Gross Anatomy of the Human Spinal Cord
Gross Anatomy of the Human Brain
Meninges
Arterial Supply
Venous Drainage
Anatomy of the Frontal Lobe
Anatomy of the Parietal Lobe
Anatomy of the Occipital Lobe
Anatomy of the Temporal Lobe
Anatomy of the Basal Nuclei
Anatomy of the Thalamus
Anatomy of the Midbrain
Anatomy of the Pons and Cerebellum
Anatomy of the Medulla
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
Anatomy of PCMLS Somatosensory Pathways
Anatomy of Pain & Temperature Pathways
Anatomy of Visual Pathways
Anatomy of Auditory Pathways
Anatomy of Vestibular Pathways
Anatomy of Olfactory Pathways
Anatomy of Gustatory Pathways
Anatomy of Corticospinal Pathways
Anatomy of "Extrapyramidal" Motor Pathways
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
Kobe Christensen and Canyon Madsen
Molecular Properties of the Neuronal Membrane
Patch Clamping
The Different Types of Membrane Channels and Pumps
1. Leakage Channels
Voltage-Gated Channels
Ligand-Gated Channels
Signal-Gated Channels
Transporters
The Sodium/Potassium Pump and Other Pumps
Connections Between the Cytoskeleton and Neuronal Membrane
Connections Between the Neuronal Cell Membrane and the Extracellular Matrix
Electrical Models of the Neuronal Cell Membrane
Diffusion and Fick's First Law
The Equilibrium (Nernst) Potential
The Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equation
The Action Potential
The Myelin Sheath
Connexons and the Electrical Synapse (Gap Junction)
Physical Properties of the Gap Junction
A Brief List of Chemical Neurotransmitters
The Canonical Chemical Synapse
Quantal Release of Neurotransmitter
Evidence for Vesicular Exocytosis
Mutations Which Modify Neurotransmitter Release
Neurotransmitter Receptors
Comparing Ionotropic and Metabotropic Receptors
Jim Hutchins
Generation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs)
Spatial and Temporal Summation
The Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Second Messenger System
The Inositol Triphosphate / Diacylglycerol / Calcium Second Messenger System
The Arachadonic Acid Second Messenger System
The Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) Second Messenger System
Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitters: Glutamate
Lindsey Aune and Jim Hutchins
Neurotransmitters: γ-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA)
Monoamines and Catecholamines
Neurotransmitters: Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitters: Dopamine
Neurotransmitters: Serotonin
Neurotransmitters: Peptides
Neurotransmitters: Glycine
Lance Castro
Neurotransmitters: Histamine
Neurotransmitters: Eicosanoids
Neurotransmitters: Neurosteroids
Neurotransmitters: Purines
Neurotransmitters: Gases
Declarative and Non-Declarative Memory
Classical Conditioning
Habituation
The Aplysia Gill Withdrawal Reflex
The L29 Axoaxonic Synapse
Characteristics of Declarative Memory
Long-Term Depression
Long-Term Potentiation
When Is It LTD and When Is It LTP?
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II
Features of a Modifiable Gene
The cAMP Response Element Binding (CREB) Protein and the CREB-Responsive Element (CRE)
The Neuronal Growth Cone
Directional Growth of Neurites
Cell Adhesion Factors and Neuronal Growth
Target Selection by Growing Neurites
Cellular and Molecular Events in Neuronal Apoptosis
Nerve Growth Factor
Neurotrophins
Cytokines and Nervous System Development
Formation of the Neuromuscular Junction
Critical Period
Plasticity and Stabilization
Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Brain Development
Animal Models of Autism
Genetic Contributions to Autism
Epigenetic Contributions to Autism
Synaptic Pruning
Aliyah Grijalva and Jim Hutchins
Synaptic Pruning, Synaptic Stabilization, and Autism
Synaptic Pruning in the Retinogeniculate System
Appendix
By Layla Manzanares
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Developing Expertise in Neuroscience Copyright © by Jim Hutchins; Aliyah Grijalva; Avalon Marker; Canyon Madsen; Kobe Christensen; Lance Castro; and Lindsey Aune. All Rights Reserved.
